There are a huge number of various parasites that can exist in the internal organs of a person or inhabit the skin and hair.Including these parasites can be helminths.
Helminths- The general name of parasitic worms that live in the human body, other animals or plants.
According to the statistical data of the World Health Organization, over 4.5 billion people in the world are infected with various parasites, many of whom are eliminations.
The official reporting statistics of the Russian Federation detect an increase in the incidence of the basic elminties in some territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in particular: Echinococcosi, Opisthorchiasis.In numerous territories, the incidence indicators of entertainable and ascaridosis remain at high level.
There are many ways to enter the human body, however, one of the most common ways of infection is infection through food products.Vegetables, fruit or herbs scarcely washed, insufficiently fried or boiled, fish, poultry, foods treated improperly can lead to infections with helminths.
It is possible to infect in case of improper conservation of the finished product, for example, the conservation of desserts without protective packaging can lead to infection from elmininti, whose eggs can enter the finished product using flies or other insects.
We try to understand which helmets transmitted with food and are more common in our country and how to minimize the risk of infection with them.
Supreme (cat, liver, lanceolate, etc.)
Bundle
In humans, more than 40 types of subsidies can parasitic, while the location of the helminths in the body can be very different: the liver, light blood vessels.
The hepatic borrower is the causal agent of Fasciolie and hits the liver and gallbladder.
A person is infected when using garden crops for vegetables, to water water from open ponds.
Patients have general symptoms of intoxication: weakness, reduction of appetite, nausea, headache.Allergic reactions can occur in the form of the itching of the skin or urticaria, asthmatic attacks.
An increase in the size of the parasite can lead to a violation of the bile flow in the duodenum and the occurrence of mechanical jaundice signs.Patients have pain in the right hypocondry.Subsequently, the yellow of the skin can be observed and the stools are discolored.
Opistorchoz
The causal agents of the Opishorchiesi are a cat saucer.
Human infection occurs when raw fish, not sufficiently transformed or salty.
The clinical manifestations of the Opishorchiesi are characterized by a significant variety.It depends on the individual characteristics of the body, as well as the intensity and duration of the infection.The number of parasitic worms can float in a wide range: from individual parasites to multiple dozens and even hundreds.The repeated use of infected fish leads to an increase in the infection and aggravation of clinical manifestations.Clinically, the disease can be accompanied by an increase in temperature in patients, by the appearance of urticaria, itching of the skin, muscles and joint pain.Patients may have pain in the right hypocondry, a feeling of heaviness in the stomach, nausea.
Comparison
The main causal agent of comparison in humans is a lung bacon.
The causal agent of the disease enters a person's intestine when they eat crustaceans who live in areas, where there is a focus on the disease and migrate through the body: they penetrate through the intestinal wall in the abdominal cavity and therefore enter the pleural cavity through the diaphragm, therefore in the lung tissue.Longer larvae can also penetrate other organs and fabrics.The location of the parasite in the brain is particularly dangerous.The impulmonary location of the parasite takes place in a third of infected people and is often the cause of death.
In the initial phase of the disease, when lung bacon migrates only throughout the body, the disease proceeds almost asymptomatic.Sometimes small allergic reactions, itching of the skin, less often - abdominal pain, jaundice, jaundice.As soon as the parasite reaches the final location, the patients have pronounced symptoms of lung damage: constant cough with abundant sputum, severe chest pain.During the disease, various complications may occur, for example, pneumothorax - air that enters the pleural cavity.Very often in patients, pneumonia or pleurisy (inflammation in the pleural cavity) they develop.
Tape worms
Ribbon worms (Cestodes) - a group of parasites with a tape shape and consisting of a different number of anatomically isolated segments - swallow.The size of the worms vary from a few millimeters to 10-15 meters or more.In the front of the worm, there is the head, which is a body of fixation of the parasite to the human intestinal mucosa.Helmin is fixed to the intestinal wall using different devices: rounded suction rugs or crack similar, hooks.
Defendacobleosis
The causal agent of DipilloBotciosis is a large ribbon, which lives in a person's intestine.
The ribbon is large of a length of 12-15 meters or more and the number of segments-migliaia.
Human infection occurs when not sufficiently transformed thermally transformed, just frozen, scarcely chopped, scarcely screwed and steco, ground fish of raw fish, as well as when you use freshly salted fish.The clinical picture is due to the mechanical effect of the helmet on the intestinal mucosa and the absorption of nutrients.Patients with dipillotriosis complain of pain and rhombus in the stomach, in nausea, in vomiting.There is often a stool disorder.With the simultaneous parasitization of different worms, intestinal obstruction may occur.
The ribbon adsorizes vitamin B12 on its surface, and this leads to a violation of the formation of red blood cells in the body of patients and the occurrence of anemia.Patients have pallor of the skin, weakness, malaise.
Toner
The causal agent of the shadow is a Toro's Tenia, which is located by the small intestine of a person and can reach a length of 10 meters.
People are infected with tusiarinchosis when they eat infected cattle (scarcely fried or cooked, rope, ground meat).
Tusirinchosis often proceeds asymptomatic and is detected by chance when the patient sees a parasite segment in his stool or detects them in bed or on clothes.During the interrogation, the patient can complain that he recently feels weakness, increase in fatigue, sleep disorders, rhombus skin in the abdomen, pain in the venerable right region, vomiting, violation of the chair.
As a complication of tuusirincosi in patients, an attack on acute appendicitis or intestinal obstruction can occur.
Tenosis
The causal agent of Tiniosi is a chain of pork that is located in the small intestine of a person and can reach a length of 3 meters.
Pork tension can be located in various organs and fabrics.
Relatively favorable cysticosis with localization in subcutaneous tissues or in the skeletal muscles.
With eye cystiscosa, patients complain of distorting the form of objects, tearing and a gradual reduction in visual acuity.
The cystiscosis of the brain is difficult and often ends with a fatal result for a sick person.
Echinococcosi
The causal agent ofchinococcosi is an echinococcus, which is located in the liver and lungs and can reach a length of 5-6 meters.
For a person, the infection with Echinococcus is possible with the use of unwashed garden crops, vegetables or fruit, which could be parasite eggs.
The clinical manifestations of the disease depend on the size, quantity and location of the echinococcus bubbles in the patient's body.With the location of thechinococcus in the liver, patients complain about gravity and pain in the right hypocondry, as well as the yellow of the skin due to a violation of the outflow of bile.Large cysts, who tighten the vein of the gate, lead to a violation of the outflow of venous blood from the intestine and the appearance of the excitement - the accumulation of liquid in the abdominal cavity.
When they locate in the lungs, dry cough and pain during breathing are worried.
Alveococcos
The causal agent of alveococcosi is Alveococcus, which affects the liver with possible subsequent metastases to various other organs.The size of the alveococcus does not exceed 5 mm.
A person is infected when eating unreal wild herbs and forest berries, as well as when you eat products, washing that is carried out in an open pond.
In the initial phase of the disease, patients are worried about weakness, malaise, headache, itching of the skin.In the future, complaints of a sense of heaviness in the right hypocondry may appear;Vomiting, diarrhea, swelling, especially after eating fatty foods.
The patient's conditions worsen significantly when Alveococcus enters other organs.The most dangerous metastases of the brain, kidneys, lungs.Against the background of the patient's immune system, the bubbles are very often, abscesses occur in the internal organs, which aggravates even more the patient's conditions and can be the cause of death.
Round worms (nematodes)
Round worms are one of the most numerous types of worms.Diseases caused by round worms are called nematodes.
The nematod body has a mandrine or threaded shape, ties to the ends, rounded in the transversal section, the size of the worm lap can be different, but more often it does not exceed 0.5 meters.
Acaridosis
Ascaris' causal agent is parasitic in a person's tenuous intestine.The size of mature worms can reach 40 cm.
The main and unique possible mechanism of human infection with ascaridosis is a fecal-orale.Vegetables or fruit, the water, the household items, the dirty hands are the main transmission factors.And if you remember the mechanical vectors of the eggs - insects, then the list of products on which Askaride eggs can be extremely large.
The clinical manifestations of the rise depend on the amount of parasites in the small intestine.Very often, an individual lives in a person's intestine - so the disease is often asymptomatic.
In the presence of different individuals in the body, patients have signs of body intoxication with worms products.Patients complain of dizziness, headache, sleep disorders.There is a feeling of heaviness in the stomach, unstable chair.When parasitizing a large amount of ascaride, the symptoms of intestinal obstruction may appear.
Entertainous
The causal agent of the Enterobiosis is the cuts, which are located in the intestine and can reach the size of up to 1 cm.
The only way of cuts with cuts is a faecal-orale.Vegetables and fruit unrealized, household items, dirty hands are the main transmission factors.Insects can also be puppets of cutting eggs for food.
When parasitizing a small number of parasites, an asymptomatic course of the disease is possible, while in the presence of a large number of parasites, itching is observed in the anus, patients are possible in abdominal pain, nausea and stool disorder.
During the migration of females, females can penetrate the genitals with the subsequent presence of the inflammatory process in them.
Tricinosis
Tricinellosis causal agent is Tricinella, which is located in the small intestine and in the skeletal muscles of the guest.
Trichinella is one of the smallest nematodes.The size of the parasites barely reach 4 mm.The parasitic adult tricinels in the small intestine and in the larval phase in the transverse stripes muscles, the exclusion is the cardiac muscle.
A person is infected, using infected animals: wild boars, pigs, bears, seals.For infection, simply use 30-50 g of trichinelle meat.Very often, a person is infected with the use of meat, fat, ham, bacon, fried and sausages made of carcasses of infected animals.
Tricinellosis clinically manifests itself with general symptoms of malaise, headache, fever at 38-39 ° C.
A little later, a pronounced edema appears of the eyelids or the entire face, sometimes swelling of the limbs occurs.These symptoms add muscle pain: veal, chewing, lumbar.Gradually, muscle pain intensifies, widespread to new muscle groups.The patient's movements become increasingly limited, sometimes until complete immobilization.
The intoxication of the patient's body with the products of the life of the parasite leads to damage to the heart, lungs, brain and can be the cause of the patient's death.
Elintiasis prevention
In order to prevent eliminth infection, it is necessary to follow different rules, that is to say:
- Observe the simplest rules of personal hygiene, including washing the hands after the street, before meals, after contact with money and animals.
- Try to avoid contact with stray animals and if you have a pet, regularly visit a veterinary clinic.It is essential to conduct animal switching courses with the frequency recommended by the vet.
- Wash fruit, vegetables, berries, even if they come from the personal plot.
- Do not drink water and do not wash the dishes and food with water, whose safety you are not sure.
- Eat only products that have passed the necessary thermal treatment.
- Provide protection of insects in the kitchen.For example, to grasp the openings of the windows, cover ready -made dishes.
- Don't eat dried or dry fish.
- Do not use homemade salty lard.